Papers by Ralph C. Merkle

• Mechanical Computing Systems Using Only Links and Rotary Joints, arXiv:1801.03534 (2018) Ralph C. Merkle, Robert A. Freitas Jr., Tad Hogg, Thomas E. Moore, Matthew S. Moses, and James Ryley.
  
• Analysis of Diamondoid Mechanosynthesis Tooltip Pathologies Generated via a Distributed Computing Approach, J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 8, 1139–1161, 2011. Damian G.Allis, Brian Helfrich, Robert A. Freitas Jr.and Ralph C.Merkle.
• A cryopreservation revival scenario using MNT, Cryonics 4 (2008) 7-8. Ralph C. Merkle and Robert A. Freitas Jr.
• A Minimal Toolset for Positional Diamond Mechanosynthesis, J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 5, 760–861, 2008. Robert A. Freitas Jr. and Ralph C. Merkle
• Ab Initio Thermochemistry of the Hydrogenation of Hydrocarbon Radicals Using Silicon, Germanium, Tin and Lead Substituted Methane and Isobutane, J. Phys. Chem. A (August 2007)111, 8677-8688. Berhane Temelso, C. David Sherrill, Ralph C. Merkle, Robert A. Freitas Jr.
• High-Level ab Initio Studies of Hydrogen Abstraction from Prototype Hydrocarbon Systems, J. Phys. Chem. A, 110 (38), 11160 -11173, 2006; Berhane Temelso, C. David Sherrill, Ralph C. Merkle, and Robert A. Freitas Jr. (PDF preprint available).
• Theoretical Analysis of Diamond Mechanosynthesis. Part III. Positional C2 Deposition on Diamond C(110) Surface using Si/Ge/Sn-based Dimer Placement Tools, J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 3(February 2006):28-41. Jingping Peng, Robert A. Freitas Jr., Ralph C. Merkle, James R. Von Ehr, John N. Randall, George D. Skidmore.
• Kinematic Self-Replicating Machines, by Robert A. Freitas Jr. and Ralph C. Merkle; Landes BioScience 2004.
• Theoretical Analysis of Diamond Mechanosynthesis. Part I. Stability of C2 Mediated Growth of Nanocrystalline Diamond C(110) Surface, J. Comp. Theor. Nanosci. 1(March 2004):62-70. Jingping Peng, Robert A. Freitas Jr., Ralph C. Merkle.
• Theoretical Analysis of Diamond Mechanosynthesis. Part II. C2 Mediated Growth of Diamond C(110) Surface via Si/Ge-Triadamantane Dimer Placement Tools, J. Comp. Theor. Nanosci. 1(March 2004):71-80. David J. Mann, Jingping Peng, Robert A. Freitas Jr., Ralph C. Merkle.
• Speeding the development of molecular nanotechnology, Ralph C. Merkle and Robert A. Freitas Jr., Dec. 2003.
• Theoretical analysis of a carbon-carbon dimer placement tool for diamond mechanosynthesis, Ralph C. Merkle and Robert A. Freitas Jr., J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 3 (August 2003):319-324. (Abstract)
• Video introduction to nanotechnology from Big Thinkers "Ralph Merkle: nanotechnology"
• Exponential assembly, George D Skidmore, Eric Parker, Matthew Ellis, Neil Sarkar and Ralph Merkle, Nanotechnology 12 (2001) 316-321
• That's impossible: how good scientists reach bad conclusions, April 2001.
• Nanotechnology: what will it mean?, IEEE Spectrum, January 2001, page 19-20.
• Nanotechnology is coming, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, September 11 2000, page 55.
• Nanotechnology: Designs for the Future; Interview with Ralph C. Merkle in Ubiquity, June 27 2000.
• Text of prepared comments at the Hofstadter Symposium on April 1, 2000. (Video of talk)
• How manufacturing will change, IEEE Computer magazine, January 2000, Vol 33 No 1, page 51.
• Molecular building blocks and development strategies for molecular nanotechnology, Nanotechnology 11 (2000) 89-99.
• Congressional testimony before the House Science Committee, Subcommittee on Basic Research, Nanotechnology hearings, June 22 1999.
• Biotechnology as a route to nanotechnology, Trends in Biotechnology, July 1999, Vol 17 No 7, pages 271-274.
• Casing an assembler, Nanotechnology 10 (1999) pages 315-322.
• Making smaller, faster, cheaper computers, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 86 No 11, November 1998, pages 2384-2386
• Whither nanotechnology? (1998) published in R&D status and trends in nanoparticles, nanostructured materials, and nanodevices in the United States, Richard W. Siegel, Evelyn Hu, and M.C. Roco, pages 156-160. This is the proceedings of a May 1997 workshop cosponsored by ONR, AFOSR, NIST, NASA, NIH and DOE, and run by WTEC (World Technology Evaluation Center).
• Nanotechnology? Make it so!, an interview with MSNBC.
• Public key distribution using approximately linear functions, (1998).
• A proposed "metabolism" for a hydrocarbon assembler, Nanotechnology 8 (1997) pages 149-162.
• Theoretical studies of reactions on diamond surfaces, by S.P. Walch and R.C. Merkle, Nanotechnology 9 (1998) pages 285-296.
• NASA applications of molecular nanotechnology, by Al Globus, David Bailey, Jie Han, Richard Jaffe, Creon Levit, Ralph Merkle, and Deepak Srivastava, The Journal of the British Interplanetary Society 51 (1998) pages 145-152.
• Dynamics of He/C₆₀ flow inside carbon nanotubes, by Robert E Tuzun, Donald W Noid, Bobby G Sumpter and Ralph C Merkle, Nanotechnology 8 (1997) pages 112-118.
• It's a small, small, small, small world, MIT Technology Review, Feb/Mar 1997 page 25.
• A response to Scientific American's news story "Trends in Nanotechnology".
• A new family of six degree of freedom positional devices, Nanotechnology 8 (1997) pages 47-52.
• Convergent assembly, Nanotechnology 8 (1997) pages 18-22.
• Binding sites for use in a simple assembler, Nanotechnology 8 (1997) pages 23-28.
• Chemical storage of data, by Charles W. Bauschlicher Jr, Alessandra Ricca and Ralph C. Merkle, Nanotechnology 8 (1997) pages 1-5.
• Helical logic, with K. Eric Drexler, Nanotechnology 7 (1996) pages 325-339.
• Design considerations for an assembler, Nanotechnology 7 (1996) pages 210-215.
• Dynamics of fluid flow inside carbon nanotubes, by R. E. Tuzun, D.W. Noid, Bobby G. Sumpter and R. C. Merkle, Nanotechnology 7 (1996) pages 241-246.
• Editorial, Nanotechnology 7 (1996) pages 157-158.
• Nanotechnology and medicine, in Advances in Anti-Aging Medicine, Vol. I, Dr. Ronald M. Klatz, ed.; Liebert press, 1996, pages 277-286.
• Nanotechnology: snapping atoms together, in Scientific American's Triumph of Discovery, Henry Holt and Company, 1995, pages 151-153.
• Design-ahead for nanotechnology, in Prospects in Nanotechnology, by M. Krummenacker and J. Lewis, Wiley, 1995, pages 23-52.
• Crystal Clear: a molecular CAD tool, by Geoff Leach and Ralph C. Merkle, Nanotechnology 5 (1994) pages 168-171.
• Beyond Lithography: Molecular Manufacturing and the Future of Computing, in High Performance Systems: Proceedings from the Conference on High Speed Computing, April 18-21, 1994. Los Alamos National Laboratories, LA-12930-C Conference, compiled by Manuel B. Vigil.
• Cryonics, cryptography, and maximum likelihood estimation, by Ralph C. Merkle, First Extropy Institute Conference, 1994.
• Self replicating systems and low cost manufacturing, in: The ultimate limits of fabrication and measurement, M.E. Welland, J.K. Gimzewski, eds.; Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1994, pages 25-32.
• The molecular repair of the brain (210KB html), parts I and II, Cryonics, January & April 1994, Vol. 15 No's 1 & 2.
• Molecular manufacturing: adding positional control to chemical synthesis, Chemical Design Automation News, September/October 1993.
• Two types of mechanical reversible logic , Nanotechnology 4 (1993) pages 114-131.
• Reversible electronic logic using switches(106KB html text only, or PDF with illustrations)Nanotechnology 4 (1993) pages 21-40.
• A Proof about Molecular Bearings, Nanotechnology 4 (1993) pages 86-90.
• Protected Shareware (pdf).
• Towards Practical Reversible Logic, by Ralph C. Merkle, in Workshop on Physics and Computation, PhysComp '92, October, Dallas Texas; IEEE press 1992.
• Nanotechnology in Conference Proceedings of the Frontiers of Super Computing II, 1992.
• Risk Assessment, in Nanotechnology: Research and Perspectives, edited by B. C. Crandall and James Lewis, MIT press 1992.
• Self replicating systems and molecular manufacturing, Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, 45 (1992) pages 407-413.
• Theoretical studies of a hydrogen abstraction tool for nanotechnology, by Charles Musgrave, Jason Perry, Ralph C. Merkle and William A. Goddard III; Nanotechnology 2 (1991) pages 187-195.
• The technical feasibility of cryonics, first published in Medical Hypotheses, 1992, 39, pages 6-16.
• Computational nanotechnology, Nanotechnology, 2 (1991) pages 134-141.
• Computational Nanotechnology at PARC, Foresight Update No. 11, March 1991.
• NASA and Self Replicating Systems, Foresight Update No. 9, June 1990.
• A fast software one-way hash function, Journal of Cryptology, 3 (1990) pages 43-58.
• Large scale analysis of neural structures (116KB html), Xerox PARC technical report, CSL-89-10 November 1989 [P89-00173].
• Energy limits to the computational power of the human brain, Foresight Update No. 6, August 1989.
• Fast software encryption functions, Crypto `90, pages 476-501
• One Way Hash Functions and DES, Crypto '89.
• A Certified Digital Signature, Crypto 89, pages 218-238.
• How many bytes in human memory?, Foresight Update No. 4, October 1988.
• A digital signature based on a conventional encryption function, Crypto 87.
• Reverse engineering the brain, in Proc. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Computers in Aerospace IV (1987) page 375.
• Secrecy, authentication, and public key systems, UMI research Press 1982.
• On the security of multiple encryption, with Martin E. Hellman, CACM July 1981, pages 465-467.
• Protocols for Public Key Cryptosystems, by Ralph C. Merkle, IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, 1980, pages 122-134.
• Secrecy, authentication, and public key systems, Ph.D. thesis, Electrical Engineering, Stanford, 1979.
• Hiding information and signatures in trap door knapsacks, with M. E. Hellman, Sept. 1978, IEEE Trans. on Information Theory, pages 525-530
• Results of an Initial Attempt to Cryptanalyze the NBS Data Encryption Standard (pdf), Information Systems Laboratory SEL 76-042 (Sept. 9, 1976 Stanford University) with Martin Hellman et. al.
• Secure communications over insecure channels, CACM April 1978, pages 294-299. Submitted in 1975. The Computer History Museum interviewed me about the history of this paper in 2011. I was interviewed by Arnd Weber about it in 2002.
• 1974 CS244 Project Proposal, the first document to describe public key cryptography.